BACKGROUND: Ablation of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) is highly variable,
with differing techniques and outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to …

Background: The comparative effectiveness of treatments for atrial fibrillation (AF) is
uncertain. Purpose: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of rate-and rhythm-control …

Background Catheter ablation is less successful for persistent atrial fibrillation than for
paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Guidelines suggest that adjuvant substrate modification in …

Background: Longstanding persistent (LSP) atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most challenging
type of AF. In addition to pulmonary vein isolation, substrate modification and triggers …

Background: Long-term success rates using ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) are
disappointing and usually do not exceed 60%. Objectives: This study sought to compare …

Objectives: This study describes the 5-year efficacy of catheter ablation for long-standing
persistent atrial fibrillation (LS-AF). Background: Long-term outcome data after catheter …

Background—This study aimed to determine 5-year efficacy of catheter ablation for
persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) using AF termination as a procedural end point. Methods and …

Background—Together with pulmonary veins, many extrapulmonary vein areas may be the
source of initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation. The left atrial appendage (LAA) is …

Background The relevance of focal triggers in persistent atrial fibrillation (PerAF) and long-
standing persistent atrial fibrillation (LSPAF) has not been previously investigated. Objective …

Background—Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for persistent atrial fibrillation is associated with
limited success rates and often requires multiple procedures to maintain stable sinus rhythm …