Avian influenza is one of the largest known threats to domestic poultry. Influenza outbreaks
on poultry farms typically lead to the complete slaughter of the entire domestic bird …

Animal migrations are often spectacular, and migratory species harbor zoonotic pathogens
of importance to humans. Animal migrations are expected to enhance the global spread of …

OBJECTIVES: The relative importance of airborne, droplet and contact transmission of
influenza A virus and the efficiency of control measures depends among other factors on the …

During 2021 and 2022 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (HPAI) killed thousands of wild
birds across Europe and North America, suggesting a change in infection dynamics and a …

Ecological immunology and disease ecology are two relatively young disciplines that apply
ecological approaches and principles to traditionally non‐ecological fields. In both cases, an …

The spatial spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 and its long-term
persistence in Asia have resulted in avian influenza panzootics and enormous economic …

Emerging infectious diseases, most of which are considered zoonotic in origin, continue to
exact a significant toll on society. The origins of major human infectious diseases are …

The ecology of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has significantly changed
from sporadic outbreaks in terrestrial poultry to persistent circulation in terrestrial and aquatic …

INTRODUCTION: Wild birds and especially migratory species can become long-distance
vectors for a wide range of microorganisms. The objective of the current paper is to …

Wildlife populations are under increasing pressure from a variety of threatening processes,
ranging from climate change to habitat loss, that can incite a physiological stress response …