Mode division multiplexing (MDM) has fascinated great attention more recently to strengthen
the network capacity. To implement MDM in data centers services, a low power and low cost …

The demand for fault protection transmission link with high-speed, high security and long-
reach in an optical access network is growing at an exponential rate. It is quite difficult to …

The potential integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with free space optical (FSO)
communication systems stands as a promising innovation in the realm of wireless network …

This paper introduces the development of NOT, OR, and AND logic gates utilizing a 2: 1
Multiplexer (MUX) based on a titanium-diffused lithium niobate electro-optic Mach–Zehnder …

Vortex beams with orbital angular momentum play a crucial role in increasing the
information capacity in optical communications. The magnitude of orbital angular momentum …

Interest in optical wireless communications (OWC) as a possible complement to RF
technology has increased recently. However, the propagation of optical beams through the …

The free space optical communication system addressed as optical wireless communication
has recently received huge attention. Communication acts as the possible way to address …

The technology of free‐space optical communication (FSOC) systems has some distinctive
merits compared to other technologies. Its use is extremely beneficial to meet the exigencies …

This study offers the most recent network architecture employing the CWDM/DWDM/5G
millimeter wave system over the Free-Space Optical Communication (or FSOC) channel with …

In this article, we propose a novel beam-and-probabilistic shaping technique based on
orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes for indoor optical wireless communications (OWC) …