Of the five immunoglobulin isotypes, immunoglobulin G (IgG) is most abundant in human
serum. The four subclasses, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, which are highly conserved, differ …

The ability to efficiently access cytosolic proteins is desired in both biological research and
medicine. However, targeting intracellular proteins is often challenging, because to reach …

Little is known about the relative importance of monocyte and tissue-resident macrophages
in the development of lung fibrosis. We show that specific genetic deletion of monocyte …

Methods for the targeted disruption of protein function have revolutionized science and
greatly expedited the systematic characterization of genes. Two main approaches are …

Mouse and human FcRs have been a major focus of attention not only of the scientific
community, through the cloning and characterization of novel receptors, and of the medical …

Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a versatile family of ubiquitin E3 ligases involved in a
multitude of cellular processes. Studies in recent years have demonstrated that many TRIM …

Replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad) vectors have been widely used as gene delivery
vehicles in both gene therapy studies and basic studies for gene function analysis due to …

The discovery of both cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and
programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) as negative regulators of antitumour immunity led to …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), characterized by acute neurological dysfunction, is one of the
best known environmental risk factors for chronic traumatic encephalopathy and Alzheimer's …

Animal viruses are broadly categorized structurally by the presence or absence of an
envelope composed of a lipid-bilayer membrane, attributes that profoundly affect stability …