Biomolecular condensates play a key role in organizing cellular fluids such as the cytoplasm
and nucleoplasm. Most of these non-membranous organelles show liquid-like properties …

The intracellular environment represents an extremely crowded milieu, with a limited amount
of free water and an almost complete lack of unoccupied space. Obviously, slightly salted …

Nucleic acids are excellent at recognizing complementary sequences through the formation
of Watson− Crick base pairs. Since the base pairing enables the highly selective …

Expected and observed effects of volume exclusion on the free energy of rigid and flexible
macromolecules in crowded and confined systems, and consequent effects of crowding and …

The generic tendency of proteins to aggregate into non-functional, and sometimes cytotoxic,
structures poses a universal problem for all types of cell. This tendency is greatly …

Nonspecific interactions between individual macro-molecules and their immediate
surroundings (background interactions') within a medium as heterogeneous and highly …

Macromolecular crowding is known to affect protein folding, binding of small molecules,
interaction with nucleic acids, enzymatic activity, protein-protein interactions, and protein …

The existence and functioning of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) challenge the
classical structure-function paradigm that equates function with a well-defined 3D structure …

Statistical-thermodynamic models for the excluded volume interaction between an unfolded
polypeptide chain and a hard sphere or hard rod cosolute are presented, permitting …

Regulation, recognition and cell signaling involve the coordinated actions of many players.
Signaling scaffolds, with their ability to bring together proteins belonging to common and/or …