Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1
(PD-1) are inhibitory checkpoints that are commonly seen on activated T cells and have …

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), expressed on the surface of tumor cells, can bind to
programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) on T cells. The interaction of PD-1 and PD-L1 can inhibit T …

Background Temporary drug treatment cessation might alleviate toxicity without substantially
compromising efficacy in patients with cancer. We aimed to determine if a tyrosine kinase …

Background Nivolumab plus ipilimumab is approved as first-line regimen for intermediate-
risk or poor-risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and nivolumab monotherapy as second-line …

Introduction Significant advances have been made in the first-line therapy of metastatic renal
cell carcinoma (mRCC) since the approval of immune-based combinations, including …

Simple Summary Immune checkpoint inhibitors offer the chance for the durable disease
control of advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, they come …

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionised treating advanced
cancers. ICI are administered intravenously every 2–6 weeks for up to 2 years, until cancer …

Non-viral vectors are promising nucleic acid carriers which have been utilized in gene-
based cancer immunotherapy. The aim of this study is to compare the transfection efficiency …

PURPOSE Ipilimumab (IPI), in combination with nivolumab (NIVO), is an approved frontline
treatment option for patients with intermediate-or poor-risk advanced renal cell carcinoma …

Abstract Anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors are therapeutic
monoclonal antibodies that do not target cancer cells but are designed to reactivate or …