Light is a potent stimulus for regulating circadian, hormonal, and behavioral systems. In
addition, light therapy is effective for certain affective disorders, sleep problems, and …

Light has profoundly influenced the evolution of life on earth. As widely appreciated, light
enables us to generate images of our environment. However, light—through intrinsically …

The melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are
a relatively recently discovered class of atypical ganglion cell photoreceptor. These ipRGCs …

The mammalian visual system encodes information over a remarkable breadth of
spatiotemporal scales and light intensities. This performance originates with its complement …

A variety of psychological and physical phenomena elicit variations in the diameter of pupil
of the eye. Changes in pupil size are mediated by the relative activation of the sphincter …

Light profoundly affects our mental and physical health. In particular, light, when not
delivered at the appropriate time, may have detrimental effects. In mammals, light is …

For decades, rods and cones were thought to be the only photoreceptors in the mammalian
retina. However, a population of atypical photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) …

Currently, in developed countries, nights are excessively illuminated (light at night), whereas
daytime is mainly spent indoors, and thus people are exposed to much lower light intensities …

Light in the short wavelength range (blue light: 446–483 nm) elicits direct effects on human
melatonin secretion, alertness and cognitive performance via non‐image‐forming …

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are taking an increasing place in the market of domestic
lighting because they produce light with low energy consumption. In the EU, by 2016, no …