G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) relay numerous extracellular signals by triggering
intracellular signaling through coupling with G proteins and arrestins. Recent breakthroughs …

The visual/β-arrestins, a small family of proteins originally described for their role in the
desensitization and intracellular trafficking of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), have …

Upon their discovery, β-arrestins 1 and 2 were named for their capacity to sterically hinder
the G protein coupling of agonist-activated seven-transmembrane receptors, ultimately …

The human mind and body respond to stress, a state of perceived threat to homeostasis, by
activating the sympathetic nervous system and secreting the catecholamines adrenaline and …

β-Arrestins, originally discovered to desensitize activated seven transmembrane receptors
(7TMRs; also known as G-protein-coupled receptors, GPCRs), are now well established …

To ensure that extracellular stimuli are translated into intracellular signals of appropriate
magnitude and specificity, most signaling cascades are tightly regulated. One of the major …

Fluorescence and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (FRET and BRET)
techniques allow the sensitive monitoring of distances between two labels at the nanometer …

Heptahelical G protein-coupled receptors are the most diverse and therapeutically important
family of receptors in the human genome. Ligand binding activates heterotrimeric G proteins …

The 4 mammalian arrestins serve as almost universal regulators of the largest known family
of signaling proteins, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Arrestins terminate receptor …

▪ Abstract Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) are responsible for the transport of proteins
between various compartments of the secretory and endocytic systems. Clathrin forms a …