The bacteria cell envelope is a complex multilayered structure that serves to protect these
organisms from their unpredictable and often hostile environment. The cell envelopes of …

The hallmark of gram-negative bacteria and organelles such as mitochondria and
chloroplasts is the presence of an outer membrane. In bacteria such as Escherichia coli, the …

Gram-negative bacteria contain a double membrane which serves for both protection and for
providing nutrients for viability. The outermost of these membranes is called the outer …

The development of new antimicrobial drugs is a priority to combat the increasing spread of
multidrug-resistant bacteria. This development is especially problematic in gram-negative …

The Gram-negative bacterial envelope is an essential interface between the intracellular
and harsh extracellular environment. Envelope stress responses (ESRs) are crucial to the …

In Gram-negative bacteria, the biogenesis of β-barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) is
mediated by the β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) complex. During the past decade …

Identification of bacterial protein–protein interactions and predicting the structures of these
complexes could aid in the understanding of pathogenicity mechanisms and developing …

The β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) is a∼ 203 kDa complex of five proteins (BamA–E),
which is essential for viability in E. coli. BAM promotes the folding and insertion of β-barrel …

Antibodies and antibody-derived molecules are continuously developed as both therapeutic
agents and key reagents for advanced diagnostic investigations. Their application in these …

Envelope biogenesis and homeostasis in gram-negative bacteria are exceptionally intricate
processes that require a multitude of periplasmic chaperones to ensure cellular survival …