Resistance to anticancer therapies includes primary resistance, usually related to lack of
target dependency or presence of additional targets, and secondary resistance, mostly …

Deregulation of the cyclin D‐CDK4/6‐INK4‐RB pathway leading to uncontrolled cell
proliferation, is frequently observed in breast cancer. Currently, three selective CDK4/6 …

Mutations in ARID1A, a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, are the most
common alterations of the SWI/SNF complex in estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast …

Purpose: Antiendocrine therapy remains the most effective treatment for estrogen receptor–
positive (ER+) breast cancer, but development of resistance is a major clinical complication …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer.
Altered epigenetics regulation including DNA hypermethylation by DNA methyltransferase 1 …

Deaths from breast cancer have fallen markedly over the past decade due, in part, to the use
of endocrine agents that reduce the levels of circulating oestrogens or compete with …

Background The discordance in oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and
human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status between primary and recurrent …

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) play an important role in various cellular
processes, such as replication, recombination, chromatin remodeling, and DNA repair …

Antiestrogens include agents such as tamoxifen, toremifene, raloxifene, and fulvestrant.
Currently, tamoxifen is the only drug approved for use in breast cancer chemoprevention …

Numerous options are currently available for tumour typing. This has raised intense interest
in the elucidation of prognostic and predictive markers. A prognostic biomarker provides …