Tumor cells do not exist in isolation in vivo, and carcinogenesis depends on the surrounding
tumor microenvironment (TME), composed of a myriad of cell types and biophysical and …

Strategies to therapeutically target the tumor microenvironment (TME) have emerged as a
promising approach for cancer treatment in recent years due to the critical roles of the TME …

Efforts to develop anti-cancer therapies have largely focused on targeting the epithelial
compartment, despite the presence of non-neoplastic stromal components that substantially …

Cancers are not composed merely of cancer cells alone; instead, they are complex
'ecosystems' comprising many different cell types and noncellular factors. The tumour stroma …

Immunotherapies have shown benefits across a range of human cancers, but not pancreatic
ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recent evidence suggests that the immunosuppressive …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical components of the tumor microenvironment
(TME) with diverse functions such as extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, modulation of …

Radiotherapy plays a central part in curing cancer. For decades, most research on
improving treatment outcomes has focused on modulating radiation-induced biological …

Cancer is a disease which frequently has a poor prognosis. Although multiple therapeutic
strategies have been developed for various cancers, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy …

The poor clinical outcome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is attributed to
intrinsic chemoresistance and a growth-permissive tumor microenvironment. Conversion of …

Cancer evolution plays a key role in both the development of tumors and their response to
therapy. Like all evolutionary processes, tumor evolution is shaped by the environment. In …