Males and females differ in their immunological responses to foreign and self-antigens and
show distinctions in innate and adaptive immune responses. Certain immunological sex …

Women have a higher incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases than men, and
85% or more patients of multiple autoimmune diseases are female. Women undergo …

The immune systems of men and women differ in significant ways, especially after puberty.
In particular, females are generally more prone to autoimmunity, but experience lower rates …

Despite accumulating evidence in support of sex-based differences in innate and adaptive
immune responses, in the susceptibility to infectious diseases and in the prevalence of …

New attention to sexual dimorphism in normal mammalian physiology and disease has
uncovered a previously unappreciated breadth of mechanisms by which females and males …

Puberty is accompanied by physical, psychological, and emotional changes adapted to
ensure reproductive and parenting success. Human puberty stands out in the animal world …

Concern is mounting regarding the human health and environmental effects of bisphenol A
(BPA), a high-production-volume chemical used in synthesis of plastics. We have reviewed …

In brief Sex differences in the gut microbiome may impact multiple aspects of human health
and disease. In this study, we review the evidence for microbial sex differences in puberty …

This review discusses various issues to consider when developing standard operating
procedures for pre-clinical studies in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular …

Sheep are a key source of meat, milk and fibre for the global livestock sector, and an
important biomedical model. Global analysis of gene expression across multiple tissues has …