Infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasing globally and are
notoriously difficult to treat due to intrinsic resistance of these bacteria to many common …

Maintaining a healthy gut environment is a prerequisite for sustainable animal production.
The gut plays a key role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients and constitutes an initial …

The soil microbial community fulfils various functions, such as nutrient cycling and carbon
(C) sequestration, therefore contributing to maintenance of soil fertility and mitigation of …

Many different bacterial species produce lipases which hydrolyze esters of glycerol with
preferably long-chain fatty acids. They act at the interface generated by a hydrophobic lipid …

Microbial pathogens use a number of genetic strategies to invade the host and cause
infection. These common themes are found throughout microbial systems. Secretion of …

The incidence of Clostridium perfringens-associated necrotic enteritis in poultry has
increased in countries that stopped using antibiotic growth promoters. Necrotic enteritis and …

Clostridium perfringens is a ubiquitous pathogen that produces many toxins and hydrolytic
enzymes. Because the toxin-encoding genes can be located on extrachromosomal …

Sphingomyelin (SM) is a dominant sphingolipid in membranes of mammalian cells and this
lipid class is specifically enriched in the plasma membrane, the endocytic recycling …

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a critical phospholipid constituent in eukaryotic cell membranes,
which accounts for 1À4% of the total lipid. 1 This lipophilic glycerophospholipid has a …

Gram-positive bacterial pathogens that secrete cytotoxic pore-forming toxins, such as
Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, cause a substantial burden of …