Here, we identify the extant species of marine megafauna (> 45 kg maximum reported
mass), provide a conceptual template for the ways in which these species influence the …

Culture (behaviour based on socially transmitted information) is present in diverse animal
species, yet how it interacts with genetic evolution remains largely unexplored. Here, we …

In the songs and bubble feeding of humpback whales; in young killer whales learning to
knock a seal from an ice floe in the same way their mother does; and in the use of sea …

Migration, broadly defined as directional movement to take advantage of spatially distributed
resources, is a dramatic behaviour and an important component of many life histories that …

An animal's body condition will affect its survival and reproductive success, which influences
population dynamics. Despite its importance, relatively little is known about the body …

Trophic cascades—the top-down regulation of ecosystems by predators—are an essential
aspect of ecosystem function and well-being. Trophic cascades are often drastically …

Famed in story as" the great leviathans," sperm whales are truly creatures of extremes.
Giants among all whales, they also have the largest brains of any creature on Earth. Males …

Within the framework of the physical forcing, we describe and quantify the key ecosystem
components and basic food web structure of the Barents Sea. Emphasis is given to the …

Populations of seals, sea lions, and sea otters have sequentially collapsed over large areas
of the northern North Pacific Ocean and southern Bering Sea during the last several …

Predicted impacts of climate change on the marine environment include an increase in
temperature, a rise in sea levels and a decrease in sea-ice cover. These impacts will occur …