During natural tissue regeneration, tissue microenvironment and stem cell niche including
cell–cell interaction, soluble factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) provide a train of …

Bioelectrical phenomenon in natural bone has been well recognized for its role in bone
development and fracture healing. For example, the piezoelectricity induced modulation in …

Among various classes of biomaterials, the majority of non‐centrosymmetric crystalline
materials exhibit piezoelectric properties, ie, the accumulation of charge in response to …

Fibroblasts are cells present throughout the human body that are primarily responsible for
the production and maintenance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the tissues. They …

All cellular membranes have the functionality of generating and maintaining the gradients of
electrical and electrochemical potentials. Such potentials were generally thought to be an …

Bioactive piezoelectric materials with similar properties as natural bone tissue with
piezoelectricity have been explored for bone repair. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is …

Physical cues like morphology, light, electric signal, mechanic signal, magnetic signal, and
heat can be used as alternative regulators for expensive but short‐acting growth factors in …

The discovery of piezoelectricity, endogenous electric fields and transmembrane potentials
in biological tissues raised the question whether or not electric fields play an important role …

Piezoelectric devices integrated into physiological systems can be used effectively for
biomedical applications such as sensing biological forces, self-powering biomedical …

Directional cell migration normally relies on a variety of external signals, such as chemical,
mechanical, or electrical, which instruct cells in which direction to move. Many of the major …