Freshwater scarcity is a global challenge posing threats to the lives and daily activities of
humankind such that two‐thirds of the global population currently experience water …

Construction is among the leading industries/activities contributing the largest carbon
footprint. This review paper aims to promote awareness of the sources of carbon footprint in …

Even if people live in an arid desert, they know that plenty of water exists in the air they
breathe. However, the reality tells us the atmospheric water cannot help to slake the world's …

The nozzle chamber, in which water is sprayed into the air stream using mechanical
nozzles, is the main unit for these processes in central air conditioning systems (AHUs). The …

Increasing demand on heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems and their
importance, as the respiratory system of buildings, in developing and spreading various …

The circular economy has attracted considerable attention also in relation to water, an
indispensable element to the sustainment of life and a critical input resource for the world …

Indoor air quality has been a matter of concern for the international scientific community.
Public health experts, environmental governances, and industry experts are working to …

The availability of freshwater is persistently changing, and the current trends indicate that it
is declining very rapidly, both quantitatively and qualitatively around the globe. Therefore …

Vertical farms (VFs) are innovative urban production facilities consisting of multi-level indoor
systems equipped with artificial lighting in which all the environmental conditions are …

The effects of climate change, population growth, and future hydrologic uncertainties
necessitate increased water conservation, new water resources, and a shift towards …