Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a common metabolic disease in ruminants. In the early
stage of SARA, ruminants do not exhibit obvious clinical symptoms. However, SARA often …

Simple Summary Welfare assessment in outdoor and extensive systems has rarely been
investigated, and little is known about the most appropriate indicators. This study aimed at …

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess lameness occurrence and to identify the
associated risk factors in small-scale grazing dairy herds. Forty four farms (mean lactating …

Using reproduction parameters as indicators for cattle welfare has limitations and, at best,
these parameters should only be viewed as indirect indicators of welfare. On a farm level …

Transition period (±3 wk around calving) diseases are prevalent in dairy systems. In this
review we describe the physiological and behavioral changes experienced by cows during …

The objectives of this study were to estimate the global prevalence of SCK in dairy cows, to
identify optimum thresholds for BHB determining, to explore heterogeneity for some …

The global recent development trend in dairy farming emphasizes the automation and
robotization of milk production. The rapid development rate of dairy farming requires new …

Mexico is the 7th largest producer of beef in the world. The livestock transport is a vital
component of today's world agrifood economy that directly impacts on the development of …

Clinical and subclinical ketosis (SCK) in dairy cows occurs during the lactation period
frequently in many herds, causing a reduction in milk yield and alterations in milk quality with …

Lameness is a serious welfare issue for dairy cows. To date, the majority of studies have
focused on its effect on health and behavior at the herd level. The objectives of this study …