Aging, hypertension, diabetes, hypoxia/obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obesity, vitamin
B12/folate deficiency, depression, and traumatic brain injury synergistically promote diverse …

Progression of major depression, a multifactorial disorder with a neuroinflammatory
signature, seems to be associated with the disruption of body allostasis. High rates of …

Diabetes mellitus is a significant global public health problem depicting a rising prevalence
worldwide. As a serious complication of diabetes, diabetes-associated cognitive decline is …

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) consisted of 11 subtypes (PDE1 to PDE11) and over 40
isoforms that regulate levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic …

Background and Purpose—Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion can lead to ischemic white
matter injury resulting in vascular dementia. To characterize white matter injury in vascular …

The incidence of diabetes has more than doubled in the United States in the last 30 years
and the global disease rate is projected to double by 2030. Cognitive impairment has been …

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) refers to a spectrum of clinical and imaging findings
resulting from pathological processes of various etiologies affecting cerebral arterioles …

Background Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is regarded as a high-risk factor for
cognitive decline in vascular dementia (VaD). We have previously shown that diabetes …

Aims White matter damage is the main pathological feature of chronic cerebral
hypoperfusion (CCH) and glial activation is crucial in this process. Physical exercise has …

Diabetes causes endothelial dysfunction and increases the risk of vascular cognitive
impairment. However, it is unknown whether diabetes causes cognitive impairment due to …