Lyme disease Borrelia are obligately parasitic, tick-transmitted, invasive, persistent bacterial
pathogens that cause disease in humans and non-reservoir vertebrates primarily through …

In little more than 30 years, Lyme disease, which is caused by the spirochaete Borrelia
burgdorferi, has risen from relative obscurity to become a global public health problem and a …

Epigraph There is something fascinating about science. One gets such wholesale returns of
conjecture out of such a trifling investment of fact. Mark Twain 1883 Life on the Mississippi …

SUMMARY A large amount of knowledge has been acquired since the original descriptions
of Lyme borreliosis (LB) and of its causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. The …

Environmentally responsive synthesis of surface proteins represents a hallmark of the
infectious cycle of the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi. Here we created and …

The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi is a tick-borne obligate parasite whose normal reservoir
is a variety of small mammals. Although infection of these natural hosts does not lead to …

This study demonstrates a strict temporal requirement for a virulence determinant of the
Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi during a unique point in its natural infection …

Transmission of leptospirosis occurs through contact of mucous membranes and abraded
skin with freshwater contaminated by pathogenic Leptospira spp. Exposure to physiological …

Human pathogenic spirochetes causing Lyme disease belong to the Borrelia burgdorferi
sensu lato complex. Borrelia burgdorferi organisms are extracellular pathogens transmitted …

Lyme disease is caused by transmission of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi from ticks to
humans. Although much is known about B. burgdorferi replication, the routes and …