In many asthmatics, chronic airway inflammation is driven by IL-4-, IL-5-, and IL-13-
producing Th2 cells or ILC2s. Type 2 cytokines promote hallmark features of the disease …

The immune system plays a critical role in protecting hosts from the invasion of organisms.
CD4 T cells, as a key component of the immune system, are central in orchestrating adaptive …

The deployment of effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical to eradicate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID …

The discovery of CD4+ T cell subset–defining master transcription factors and framing of the
Th1/Th2 paradigm ignited the CD4+ T cell field. Advances in in vivo experimental systems …

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated allergy is the most common hypersensitivity disease
affecting more than 30% of the population. Exposure to even minute quantities of allergens …

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem with increasing prevalence and association
with an enormous medical and socioeconomic burden. New recognition of immune cells …

The identification of CD4+ T cells localizing to B cell follicles has revolutionized the
knowledge of how humoral immunity is generated. Follicular helper T (TFH) cells support …

Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways, which affects more than 350 million people
worldwide. It is the most common chronic disease in children, affecting at least 30 million …

Immune response in the asthmatic respiratory tract is mainly driven by CD4+ T helper (Th)
cells, represented by Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, especially Th2 cells. Asthma is a …

Food allergy is a major health issue, affecting the lives of 8% of US children and their
families. There is an urgent need to identify the environmental and endogenous signals that …