Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) is an autoimmune model that in many ways resembles
rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Immunization of genetically susceptible strains of rodents and …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease, is characterized by the presence of
symmetric polyarthritis predominantly of the small joints that leads to severe cartilage and …

Although oral administration of protein antigens may lead to specific immunologic
unresponsiveness, this method of immunoregulation has not been applied to models of …

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha are thought to contribute to the
inflammatory response associated with autoimmune diseases. Transforming growth factor …

Both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-
beta) are found in synovial fluid from arthritic joints of humans and of rodents with …

The evidence is now fairly conclusive that collagen-induced arthritis in rodents is mediated
by antitype II collagen autoimmunity. Arthritis is probably initiated by binding of antibodies to …

Effects of glucosides of chaenomeles speciosa (GCS)—a Chinese traditional herbal
medicine (CTM) on inflammatory and immune responses and its mechanisms in collagen …

Introduction Rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) feature
bone loss and systemic increases in TNFα, IL-1β, and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand …

We examined whether tumour necrosis factor (TNF) or transforming growth factor‐beta 1
(TGF‐β1) could alter the course of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). Injection of 100 ng TNF …

Adjuvant arthritis in rats is usually induced by injection of mycobacterium tubercle cell walls
suspended in various adjuvant oils such as Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) or pristane …