BACKGROUND The high rates of unintended pregnancy and the ever-growing world
population impose health, economic, social, and environmental threats to countries …

The reaction of CO2 with H2O to form bicarbonate (HCO3−) and H+ controls sperm motility
and fertilization via HCO3−-stimulated cAMP synthesis. A complex network of signaling …

Abstract Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) consists of two isoforms (α and β) that were
originally linked to glucose metabolism regulation. However, GSK-3 is also involved in …

Busulfan is a popular antileukemia chemotherapeutic alkylating agent widely known to
induce variety of serious adverse effects including chemobrain-related cognitive …

Asthenozoospermia, defined by the absence or reduction of sperm motility, constitutes the
most frequent cause of human male infertility. This pathological condition is caused by …

Sperm cells are of unique elongated structure and function, the development of which is
tightly regulated by the existing proteins and the posttranslational modifications (PTM) of …

Evidences have shown that alterations in testicular dehydrogenase and ionic-ATPase
activities have important implications in spermatogenesis and sperm capacitation, a …

In mammalian females, after sperm are deposited in the reproductive tract, a fraction of
sperm migrates to the lower oviduct (isthmus) and forms a sperm storage site known as the …

Glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) and arachidonic acid 15 lipoxygenase (Alox15) are
counterplayers in oxidative lipid metabolism and both enzymes have been implicated in …

Protein phosphatase 1 is a major Ser/Thr protein phosphatase activity in eukaryotic cells. It
is composed of a catalytic polypeptide (PP1C), with little substrate specificity, that interacts …