This review of major depressive disorder is a comprehensive account of the genetic,
biochemical, and neurophysiological changes that have been implicated in the disorder. No …

Since its introduction almost 20 years ago, the tail suspension test has become one of the
most widely used models for assessing antidepressant-like activity in mice. The test is based …

All available antidepressant medications are based on serendipitous discoveries of the
clinical efficacy of two classes of antidepressants more than 50 years ago. These tricyclic …

Nicotinic receptors—a family of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate the effects of the
neurotransmitter acetylcholine—are among the most well understood allosteric membrane …

Major depression is a debilitating and recurrent disorder with a substantial lifetime risk and a
high social cost. Depressed patients generally display co-morbid symptoms, and depression …

The Medical Management of Depression | New England Journal of Medicine Skip to main content
The New England Journal of Medicine homepage Advanced Search SEARCH SPECIALTIES …

Tobacco smoking is an extremely addictive and harmful form of nicotine (NIC) consumption,
but unfortunately also the most prevalent. Although disproportionately high frequencies of …

There is accumulating evidence that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an important role
in the pathophysiology of depression. Given that clinical depression is marked by anhedonia …

Many patients with depression fail to derive sufficient benefit from available treatment
options, with up to a third never reaching remission despite multiple trials of appropriate …

Human epidemiological studies have identified links between nicotine intake and stress
disorders, including anxiety, depression and PTSD. Here we review the clinical evidence for …