Objective: To revise the “Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Sustained Use of Sedatives and
Analgesics in the Critically Ill Adult” published in Critical Care Medicine in 2002. Methods …

Pain sensation is essential for survival, since it draws attention to physical threat to the body.
Pain assessment is usually done through self-reports. However, self-assessment of pain is …

• Background Little research has been conducted to validate pain assessment tools in
critical care, especially for patients who cannot communicate verbally.• Objective To validate …

Objectives Use of a valid behavioral measure for pain is highly recommended for critically ill,
uncommunicative adults. The aim of this study was to validate the English version of the …

IMPLICATIONS: Despite interest in pain assessment in the intensive care unit (ICU), there is
no specific pain scale for critical care patients and, particularly, for uncommunicative …

Pain assessment conventionally has been viewed hierarchically with self-report as its “gold-
standard.” Recent attempts to improve pain management have focused on the importance of …

Objective: In 2013, the American College of Critical Care Medicine published a revised
version of the pain, agitation, and delirium guidelines. The guidelines included an ICU pain …

• Background Little research has been done on pain assessment in critical care, especially
in patients who cannot communicate verbally.• Objectives To describe (1) pain indicators …

Pain is a common and distressing symptom in critically ill patients. Uncontrolled pain places
patients at risk for numerous adverse psychological and physiological consequences, some …

To evaluate additional psychometric qualities (sensitivity and specificity) of the Critical-Care
Pain Observation Tool (CPOT), a previously validated tool, in intubated intensive care unit …