The Andes Cordillera contains the most diverse cryosphere on Earth, including extensive
areas covered by seasonal snow, numerous tropical and extratropical glaciers, and many …

A global compilation of glacier advances and retreats for the past two millennia grouped by
17 regions (excluding Antarctica) highlights the nature of glacier fluctuations during the late …

Abstract The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the primary pattern of climate variability in the
Southern Hemisphere,, influencing latitudinal rainfall distribution and temperatures from the …

Generations of plant scientists have been fascinated by alpine plant life-with the exposure of
organisms to dramatic climatic gradients over a very short distance. This comprehensive text …

The evidence for the Little Ice Age, the most important fluctuation in global climate in
historical times, is most dramatically represented by the advance of mountain glaciers in the …

Recent years have seen renewed interest in the fragile alpine biota. The International Year
of Mountains in 2002 and numerous international programs and initiatives have contributed …

It has frequently been suggested that the period encompassing the ninth to the fourteenth
centuries AD experienced a climate warmer than that prevailing around the turn of the …

A tree-ring width chronology of alerce trees (Fitzroya cupressoides) from southern Chile was
used to produce an annually resolved 3622-year reconstruction of departures from mean …

First Published in 2004. Climate Since AD 1500 presents a unique perspective on the'Little
Ice Age'and the climate of the twentieth century. Leading scientists explore historical …

This paper presents an updated, extensive review of glacier fluctuations during the past
1000years in the extratropical Andes of South America between ca. 17° and 55° S. Given …