Compulsion is a cardinal symptom of drug addiction (severe substance use disorder).
However, compulsion is observed in only a small proportion of individuals who repeatedly …

Addiction is commonly identified with habitual nonmedical self-administration of drugs. It is
usually defined by characteristics of intoxication or by characteristics of withdrawal …

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease with a highly multifaceted
pathology that includes (but is not limited to) sensitivity to drug-associated cues, negative …

What roles do mesolimbic and neostriatal dopamine systems play in reward? Do they
mediate the hedonic impact of rewarding stimuli? Do they mediate hedonic reward learning …

The hypothesis that dopamine is important for reward has been proposed in a number of
forms, each of which has been challenged. Normally, rewarding stimuli such as food, water …

This paper reviews recent developments in the neurocircuitry and neurobiology of addiction
from a perspective of allostasis. A model is proposed for brain changes that occur during the …

The theory is advanced that the common denominator of a wide range of addictive
substances is their ability to cause psychomotor activation. This view is related to the theory …

The publication of the psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction in 1987 and the finding that
addictive drugs increase dopamine concentrations in the rat mesolimbic system in 1988 …

Drugs of abuse are ve y powerful reinforcers, and even in conditions of limited access
(where the organism is nof dependent) these drugs will motivate high rates of operant …

Drug addiction is a worldwide societal problem and public health burden, and results from
recreational drug use that develops into a complex brain disorder. The opioid system, one of …