Pregnancy offers a window of opportunity to program the future health of both mothers and
offspring. During gestation, women experience a series of physical and metabolic …

This report on vitamin B-12 (B12) is part of the Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development
(BOND) Project, which provides state-of-the art information and advice on the selection, use …

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common cause of megaloblastic anemia, various
neuropsychiatric symptoms, and other clinical manifestations. Screening average-risk adults …

Presented here is an overview of the pathway from early nutrient deficiency to long-term
brain function, cognition, and productivity, focusing on research from low-and middle-income …

Spina bifida is a birth defect in which the vertebral column is open, often with spinal cord
involvement. The most clinically significant subtype is myelomeningocele (open spina …

Neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida and anencephaly, are severe birth
defects of the central nervous system that originate during embryonic development when the …

Periconceptional intake of folic acid is known to reduce a woman's risk of having an infant
affected by a neural tube birth defect (NTD). National programs to mandate fortification of …

Abstract Vitamin B 12 (B12; also known as cobalamin) is a B vitamin that has an important
role in cellular metabolism, especially in DNA synthesis, methylation and mitochondrial …

Vitamin B12 is essential for DNA synthesis and for cellular energy production. This review
aims to outline the metabolism of vitamin B12, and to evaluate the causes and …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common complex congenital malformations resulting from
failure of the neural tube closure during embryogenesis. It is established that folic acid …