Little research has been conducted on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care
products (PPCPs) in the marine environment despite being increasingly impacted by these …

Chapter 3 in toxicology of fishes addresses the occurrence, regulation, and catalytic
activities of biotransformation systems in fish and concludes with a focus on three model …

The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment presents a challenge of growing
concern. In contrast to many industrial compounds, pharmaceuticals undergo extensive …

The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a multifunctional family of phase II enzymes that
detoxify a variety of environmental chemicals, reactive intermediates, and secondary …

Fish gills are not only the respiratory organ, but also essential for ion-regulation, acid-base
control, detoxification, waste excretion and host defense. Multifactorial gill diseases are …

Climate change has had significant impacts on the hydrologic cycle of the planet. Of
particular concern are estuarine environments, such as San Francisco Bay (USA) which is …

The olfactory system of salmonids is sensitive to the adverse effects of metals such as
copper and cadmium. In the current study, we analyzed olfactory-mediated alarm responses …

Steroids play important roles in regulating many physiological functions in marine and
freshwater fish. Levels of active steroid in blood and tissues are determined by the balance …

Fish are exposed to xenobiotics in the water. Uptake occurs mainly through the gills, which
function as an exchange point with the environment. The gills' ability to detoxify harmful …

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) subjected to three consecutive, alternating treatments
with emamectin benzoate (EMB) and deltamethrin (DM) during outbreaks of Caligus …