The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor for arterial respiratory gases O2
and CO2 and pH, eliciting reflex ventilatory, cardiovascular, and humoral responses to …

Afferent and efferent cardiac neurotransmission via the cardiac nerves intricately modulates
nearly all physiological functions of the heart (chronotropy, dromotropy, lusitropy, and …

Lung ventilation fluctuates widely with behavior but arterial PCO 2 remains stable. Under
normal conditions, the chemoreflexes contribute to PaCO 2 stability by producing small …

Cardiovascular autonomic imbalance, a cardinal phenotype of human heart failure, has
adverse implications for symptoms during wakefulness and sleep; for cardiac, renal, and …

During dynamic exercise, mechanisms controlling the cardiovascular apparatus operate to
provide adequate oxygen to fulfill metabolic demand of exercising muscles and to guarantee …

Arterial hypertension is the most prevalent modifiable risk factor associated with
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although antihypertensive drugs are widely …

Despite improvements in medical therapy and device‐based treatment, heart failure (HF)
continues to impose enormous burdens on patients and health care systems worldwide …

Neuronal elements distributed throughout the cardiac nervous system, from the level of the
insular cortex to the intrinsic cardiac nervous system, are in constant communication with …

The carotid body (CB) is an arterial chemoreceptor organ located in the carotid bifurcation
and has a well-recognized role in cardiorespiratory regulation. The CB contains …

Key points A strong correlation between disordered breathing patterns, elevated
sympathetic nerve activity and enhanced chemoreflex sensitivity exists in patients with heart …