Background Virtual reality (VR) produces a virtual manifestation of the real world and has
been shown to be useful as a digital education modality. As VR encompasses different …

Background Worldwide, the annual number of robotic surgical procedures continues to
increase. Robotic surgical skills are unique from those used in either open or laparoscopic …

Recent accounts of the spacing effect have proposed molecular explanations that explain
spacing over short, but not long timescales. In the first half of this paper, we review research …

In recent years, advances in modern technology have altered the practice of surgery from
open to minimally invasive surgery (MIS) aided by robots. Teleoperated surgical robotic …

Use of robot-assisted surgery is increasing since its advent in the 1990s. Robotic surgical
training is the subject of much interest. Robotic technology would seem to facilitate training …

The future landscape for robotic urology training is likely to include structured, mandated,
and centralized training, possibly administered by urological organizations. There will be …

Today's effective leaders create opportunities for their teams to develop both technical and
non-technical skills. In the perioperative arena, the focus until now mainly has been on …

Background Currently available simulators are supposed to allow young neurosurgeons to
hone their technical skills in a safe environment, without causing any unnecessary harm to …

Objective Face, content, and construct validity of robotic surgery simulators were confirmed
in the literature by several studies, but elements to build a training program are still lacking …

Background and objective Over the past 10 years, robotic surgery has revolutionized the
advancement of MIS in gynecologic oncology. As the use of robotic surgery has increased …