Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system. They play key roles
in brain development, and physiology during life and aging. Equipped with a variety of …

Macrophages are important players in the fight against viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic
infections. From a resting state they may undertake two activation pathways, the classical …

Cerebral organoids are 3D stem cell-derived models that can be utilized to study the human
brain. The current consensus is that cerebral organoids consist of cells derived from the …

Microglia are increasingly implicated in brain pathology, particularly neurodegenerative
disease, with many genes implicated in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and motor neuron disease …

Most tissues are populated by tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells), which are
adapted to their niche and appear to be indispensable for local protection against …

Microglia have emerged as important players in brain aging and pathology. To understand
how genetic risk for neurological and psychiatric disorders is related to microglial function …

Inflammatory responses in the brain, which can be demonstrated by changes in properties of
microglia, the brain-resident macrophages, are a common feature of human …

Glioblastomas are highly infiltrated by diverse immune cells, including microglia,
macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Understanding the …

Microglia and astrocytes play essential roles in the central nervous system contributing to
many functions including homeostasis, immune response, blood–brain barrier maintenance …

In Parkinson's disease (PD), neurotoxic microglia, Th1 cells, and Th17 cells are
overactivated. Overactivation of these immune cells exacerbates the disease process and …