Mechanisms behind the phenomenon of Arctic amplification are widely discussed. To
contribute to this debate, the (AC) 3 project was established in 2016 (www. ac3-tr. de/). It …

The Arctic is warming faster than anywhere else on Earth, prompting glacial melt, permafrost
thaw, and sea ice decline. These severe consequences induce feedbacks that contribute to …

Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) can initiate ice formation in clouds at temperatures above-
38∘ C through heterogeneous ice nucleation. As a result, INPs affect cloud microphysical …

Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) can initiate cloud ice formation, influencing cloud radiative
effects (CRE) and climate. However, the knowledge of INP sources, concentrations, and …

Mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) can have a net warming or cooling radiative effect on Earth's
climate influenced by the phase and concentration of cloud particles. They have received …

The amount of ice versus supercooled water in clouds is important for their radiative
properties and role in climate feedbacks. Hence, knowledge of the concentration of ice …

Aerosol particles acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) or ice nucleating particles (INP)
play a major role in the formation and glaciation of clouds. Thereby they exert a strong …

Estimates of ground-level ozone concentrations have been improved through data fusion of
observations and atmospheric chemistry models. Our previous global ozone estimates for …

Primary biological aerosol (PBA) is a component of coarse mode aerosol which may affect
climate and health. The possible climate impacts arise from interactions between PBA and …

Clouds formed during marine cold-air outbreaks (MCAOs) exhibit a distinct transition from
stratocumulus decks near the ice edge to broken cumuliform fields further downwind. The …