The past decade has seen intriguing reports and heated debates concerning the chemically-
driven enhanced motion of objects ranging from small molecules to millimetre-size synthetic …

Biological molecular motors (or biomolecular motors for short) are nature's solution to the
efficient conversion of chemical energy to mechanical movement. In biological systems …

Optical tweezers are tools made of light that enable contactless pushing, trapping, and
manipulation of objects, ranging from atoms to space light sails. Since the pioneering work …

We introduce an interferometric MINFLUX microscope that records protein movements with
up to 1.7 nanometer per millisecond spatiotemporal precision. Such precision has …

Two mechanisms have been proposed for the function of motor proteins: The power stroke
and the Brownian ratchet. The former refers to generation of a large downhill free energy …

INTRODUCTION Cytoskeletal motors drive many essential mechanical processes inside
cells. For example, kinesin motors are key for cell division or vesicle transport. Kinesin-1 …

The kinesin-3 motor KIF1A functions in neurons, where its fast and superprocessive motility
facilitates long-distance transport, but little is known about its force-generating properties …

In the last decades, optical tweezers have progressively emerged as a unique tool to
investigate the biophysical world, allowing to manipulate and control forces and movements …

Several new structures of three types of protein complexes, obtained by cryo-electron
microscopy (cryo-EM) and published between 2019 and 2021, identify a new family of …

Mitosis relies on forces generated in the spindle, a micro-machine composed of
microtubules and associated proteins. Forces are required for the congression of …