Intercellular communication is a key feature of cancer progression and metastasis.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are generated by all cells, including cancer cells, and recent …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of
cancer-related death worldwide. Countless CRC patients undergo disease progression. As …

Exosomes play a role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, thus exhibiting pleiotropic
activities to homeostasis regulation. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly …

Metastasis formation is the major cause of death in most patients with cancer. Despite
extensive research, targeting metastatic seeding and colonization is still an unresolved …

The dynamic interactions of cancer cells with their microenvironment consisting of stromal
cells (cellular part) and extracellular matrix (ECM) components (non-cellular) is essential to …

Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are crucial components of the tumour
microenvironment and play a significant role in tumour development and drug resistance by …

Metabolic rewiring is often considered an adaptive pressure limiting metastasis formation;
however, some nutrients available at distant organs may inherently promote metastatic …

Metabolic reprogramming is reported to be one of the hallmarks of cancer, which is an
adaptive mechanism by which fast-growing cancer cells adapt to their increasing energy …

Corneal damage forms scar tissue and manifests as permanent corneal opacity, which is the
main cause of visual impairment caused by corneal diseases. To treat these diseases …

BACKGROUND All cells, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, release extracellular vesicles (EVs)
as part of their normal physiology and during acquired abnormalities. EVs can be broadly …