Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are specialized providers of T cell help to B cells, and are
essential for germinal center formation, affinity maturation, and the development of most high …

Therapeutic targeting of immune checkpoints has garnered significant attention in the area
of cancer immunotherapy, in which efforts have focused in particular on cytotoxic T …

Objectives To explore the relevance of T-follicular-helper (Tfh) and pathogenic peripheral-
helper T-cells (Tph) in promoting ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) and B-cell mucosa …

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a distinct subset of CD4+ T lymphocytes, specialized in B
cell help and in regulation of antibody responses. They are required for the generation of …

High affinity antibodies result from interactions between B cells and T follicular helper (Tfh)
cells in germinal centers (GCs). Recent studies have identified an effector subset of T …

As a hallmark of autoimmune rheumatic diseases, autoantibodies have been used in
diagnosis for decades. However, the immunological mechanism underlying their generation …

As a major arm of the cellular immune response, CD4+ T cells are important in the control
and clearance of infections. Primarily described as helpers, CD4+ T cells play an integral …

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the exocrine
glands, resulting in their functional impairment. In SS, lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and …

Objective To assess the effect of abatacept (CTLA‐4Ig), which limits T cell activation, on
homeostasis of CD4+ T cell subsets and T cell–dependent B cell hyperactivity in patients …

The generation of protective antibodies by B cells following natural infection or vaccination
requires 'help'from CD4+ T cells. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are the specialized CD4+ T …