This article reviews the behavioral neuroscience of extinction, the phenomenon in which a
behavior that has been acquired through Pavlovian or instrumental (operant) learning …

This article reviews recent findings from the author's laboratory that may provide new
insights into how habits are made and broken. Habits are extensively practiced behaviors …

The multiple-memory-systems framework—that distinct types of memory are supported by
distinct brain systems—has guided learning and memory research for decades. However …

Addiction was suggested to emerge from the progressive dominance of habits over goal-
directed behaviors. However, it is generally assumed that habits do not persist in choice …

Habits are the subject of intense international research. Under the associative dual-process
model the outcome devaluation paradigm has been used extensively to classify behaviours …

The three principles of reinforcement are (1) events such as incentives and reinforcers
increase the activity of an organism;(2) that activity is bounded by competition from other …

We previously reported the rapid development of habitual behavior in a discrete-trials
instrumental task in which lever insertion and retraction act as reward-predictive cues …

Learning to stop responding is an important process that allows behavior to adapt to a
changing and variable environment. This article reviews recent research in this laboratory …

Recent findings from our laboratory suggest that an extensively-practiced instrumental
behavior can appear to be a goal-directed action (rather than a habit) when a second …

An instrumental action can be goal-directed after a moderate amount of practice and then
convert to habit after more extensive practice. Recent evidence suggests, however, that …