Lysozymes are hydrolytic enzymes characterized by their ability to cleave the β-(1, 4)-
glycosidic bonds in peptidoglycan, a major structural component of the bacterial cell wall …

Abstract Lysozymes (EC 3.2. 1.17) are hydrolytic enzymes, characterized by their ability to
cleave the β-(1, 4)-glycosidic bond between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine …

In recent years, the deterioration of the aquaculture ecological environment has led to a high
incidence of fish diseases. Lysozymes, important antimicrobial enzymes, play an important …

Bivalves are comprised of animals unclosed in two shell valves, such as mussels, oysters,
scallops and clams. There are about 7,500 bivalve species and some of them are of …

Scallops are a cosmopolitan family of bivalves, and some of them are highly prized as
dominant aquaculture species. In the past decades, there have been increasing studies on …

The study of molluscan immune systems, in particular those of bivalve molluscs (eg, clams,
oysters, scallops, mussels), has experienced great growth in recent decades, mainly due to …

Non-self recognition with the consequent tolerance or immune reaction is a crucial process
to succeed as living organisms. At the same time the interactions between host species and …

More and more infectious diseases affect marine molluscs. Some diseases have impacted
commercial species including MSX and Dermo of the eastern oyster, QPX of hard clams …

The effects of some pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)(laminarin, LPS and
poly I: C) on total hemocyte counts (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, superoxide anion …

As a member of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and its
signaling pathway play pivotal roles in recognizing various pathogen-associated molecular …