Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a member of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and has critical
physiological functions. CS is widely applied in medical and clinical fields. Currently, the …

Fusion proteins, understood as those created by joining two or more genes that originally
encoded independent proteins, have numerous applications in biotechnology, from …

Consumption of dietary lipids, such as cholesterol, modulates the gut microbiome with
consequences for host health through the production of microbiome-derived metabolites …

Sulfonation as one of the most important modification reactions in nature is essential for
many biological macromolecules to function. Development of green sulfonate group donor …

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear anionic polysaccharides, and most of them show a
specific sulfation pattern. GAGs have been studied for decades, and still, new biological …

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan with a broad range of applications being a
popular dietary supplement for osteoarthritis. Usually, CS is extracted from animal sources …

3′-Phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) is a universal sulfate group donor for
all biological sulfation reactions in living organisms. Ambitions to biomanufacture sulfate …

Zosteric acid (ZA) is a Zostera species-derived, sulfated phenolic acid compound with
antifouling activity and has gained much attention due to its nontoxic and biodegradable …

Sulfotransferases are ubiquitous enzymes that transfer a sulfo group from the universal
cofactor donor 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate to a broad range of acceptor …

Heparin is an important anticoagulant drug, and microbial heparin biosynthesis is a potential
alternative to animal-derived heparin production. However, effectively using heparin …