Introduction Brain retraction is often required to develop a surgical corridor during the
resection of deep-seated intracranial lesions. Traditional blade retractors distribute pressure …

Background Minimally invasive surgery using tubular retractors was developed to minimize
injury of surrounding brain during the removal of deep-seated lesions. No evidence supports …

OBJECT Brain retraction systems are frequently required to achieve surgical exposure of
deep-seated brain lesions. Spatula-based systems can be associated with injury to the …

Background Conventional approaches to deep-seated cerebral lesions range from biopsy to
transcortical or transcallosal resection. Although the former does not reduce tumor burden …

OBJECT Tubular brain retractors may improve access to deep-seated brain lesions while
potentially reducing the risks of collateral neurological injury associated with standard …

In neurosurgery, parenchymal injury resulting from focal exertion of pressure on retracted
tissue is a common complication associated with the use of plate and self-sustaining …

Cerebral retraction is frequently required in cranial surgery to access deep areas. Brain
retractors have been systematically used in the past, but they have been associated with …

Background and Study Aims/Objective Deep-seated high-grade gliomas (HGGs) represent a
unique surgical challenge because they reside deep to critical cortical and subcortical …

BACKGROUND Colloid cysts are challenging lesions to access. Various surgical
approaches are utilized which all require brain retraction, creating focal pressure, local …

Surgical access to deep intracranial lesions causing the least amount of iatrogenic trauma to
the surrounding brain tissue remains a challenging task. In this article, we evaluate the use …