Research on venomous animals has mainly focused on the molecular, biochemical, and
pharmacological aspects of venom toxins. However, it is the relatively neglected broader …

The cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are a family of bacterial toxins that are
important virulence factors for a number of pathogenic Gram-positive bacterial species …

Nemerteans (ribbon worms) and phoronids (horseshoe worms) are closely related
lophotrochozoans—a group of animals including leeches, snails and other invertebrates …

Reef stonefish (Synanceia verrucosa) is one of the most venomous fishes, but its biomedical
study has been restricted to molecular cloning and purification of its toxins, instead of high …

The cholesterol‐dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are a major family of bacterial pore‐forming
proteins secreted as virulence factors by Gram‐positive bacterial species. CDCs are …

Stonefish are regarded as one of the most venomous fish in the world. Research on
stonefish venom has chiefly focused on the in vitro and in vivo neurological, cardiovascular …

Macrophage-expressed gene 1 [MPEG1/Perforin-2 (PRF2)] is an ancient metazoan protein
belonging to the Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin (MACPF) branch of the …

Enzymatic effectors targeting nucleic acids, proteins and other cellular components are the
mainstay of conflicts across life forms. Using comparative genomics we identify a large class …

With respect to salmonid aquaculture, one of the most important bacterial pathogens due to
high mortality and antibiotic usage is the causative agent of typical furunculosis, Aeromonas …

Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) comprise a large family of pore-forming toxins
produced by Gram-positive bacteria, which are used to attack eukaryotic cells. Here, we …