Angiogenesis, a new vessel formation from the pre-existing ones, is essential for embryonic
development, wound repair and treatment of ischemic heart and limb diseases. However …

Resident microglial cells can be regarded as the immunological watchdogs of the brain and
the retina. They are active sensors of their neuronal microenvironment and rapidly respond …

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain and retina, are constantly engaged in the
surveillance of their surrounding neural tissue. During embryonic development they infiltrate …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria play
a critical role in growth factor-induced switch from a quiescent to an angiogenic phenotype …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other diabetic vascular complications are the leading cause of
death and disability in patients with suboptimum glycemic control. In the pathogenesis of …

In clinical settings, oxygen therapy is administered to preterm neonates and to adults with
acute and chronic conditions such as COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis, sepsis, cardiac arrest …

In patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the crucial retinal pigment
epithelial (RPE) cells are characterized by mitochondria that are structurally and functionally …

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the primary cause of cardiovascular mortality, and therapeutic
strategies to prevent or mitigate the consequences of MI are a high priority. Cardiac …

Oxidative stress plays key roles in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases, such as diabetic
retinopathy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased in the retina in diabetes and the …

Copper (Cu), an essential micronutrient, plays a fundamental role in inflammation and
angiogenesis; however, its precise mechanism remains undefined. Here we uncover a …