Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that provide
nutrients, recycle neurotransmitters, as well as fulfill a wide range of other homeostasis …

Retinal neurodegenerative diseases like age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma,
diabetic retinopathy and retinitis pigmentosa each have a different etiology and …

During the last four decades, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) has defied the efforts of
many researchers to prevent its occurrence or development. Thus, PVR is still the major …

Müller glial cells span the entire thickness of the tissue, and ensheath all retinal neurons, in
vertebrate retinae of all species. This morphological relationship is reflected by a multitude …

Müller cells are active players in normal retinal function and in virtually all forms of retinal
injury and disease. Reactive Müller cells protect the tissue from further damage and …

Virtually all pathogenic stimuli activate Müller cells. Reactive Müller cells exert protective
and toxic effects on photoreceptors and neurons. They contribute to oxidative stress and …

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is genetically heterogeneous retinopathy caused by
photoreceptor cell death and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy that eventually results in …

Retinal remodeling is a progressive series of negative plasticity revisions that arise from
retinal degeneration, and are seen in retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular …

Retinal detachment, the separation of the neural retina from the retinal pigmented
epithelium, starts a cascade of events that results in cellular changes throughout the retina …

Age-related macular degeneration is the most common form of legal blindness in
westernized societies, and polymorphisms in the gene encoding complement factor H (CFH) …