Eukaryotic cells have developed complex systems to regulate the production and response
to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Different ROS control diverse aspects of cell behaviour …

The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a glucose-oxidizing pathway that runs in parallel
to upper glycolysis to produce ribose 5-phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in regulating normal cellular processes
whereas deregulated ROS leads to the development of a diseased state in humans …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its metabolites function as critical regulators
to maintain physiologic processes, enabling the plastic cells to adapt to environmental …

Cancer cells undergo metabolic alterations to meet the immense demand for energy,
building blocks, and redox potential. Tumors show glucose-avid and lactate-secreting …

Ferroptosis, an emerging type of cell death found in the past decades, features specifically
lipid peroxidation during the cell death process commonly by iron accumulation …

Fructose consumption is linked to the rising incidence of obesity and cancer, which are two
of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally,. Dietary fructose metabolism …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and ever-changing “rogue organ”
composed of its own blood supply, lymphatic and nervous systems, stroma, immune cells …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is an essential electron donor in all
organisms, and provides the reducing power for anabolic reactions and redox balance …

As technology continues to advance, heavy metals in drinking water have exceeded
recommended limits from regulators around the world. The main source of human exposure …