Humans in modern societies typically consume food at least three times daily, while
laboratory animals are fed ad libitum. Overconsumption of food with such eating patterns …

Abstract According to the Alzheimer Association Report (2017), Alzheimer's disease (AD) is
the 6th primary cause of death in the USA, which affects nearly 5.5 million people. In the …

Nitric oxide (NO) works as a retrograde neurotransmitter in synapses, allows the brain blood
flow and also has important roles in intracellular signaling in neurons from the regulation of …

Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is produced through the proteolytic processing of a
transmembrane protein, amyloid precursor protein (APP), by β-and γ-secretases. Aβ …

Ten years ago we first proposed the Alzheimer's disease (AD) mitochondrial cascade
hypothesis. This hypothesis maintains that gene inheritance defines an individual's baseline …

Alzheimer′ s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that causes
dementia in the elderly. Patients with AD suffer a gradual deterioration of memory and other …

Exosomes and microvesicles are extracellular nanovesicles released by most but not all
cells. They are specifically equipped to mediate intercellular communication via the transfer …

Significance: Alzheimer disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease. AD is
characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. One of the main histopathological …

The generation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) by enzymatic cleavages of the β-amyloid
precursor protein (APP) has been at the center of Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. While …

Slowly but surely, Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients lose their memory and their cognitive
abilities, and even their personalities may change dramatically. These changes are due to …