Ongoing political controversies around the world exemplify a long-standing and widespread
preoccupation with the acceptability of homosexuality. Nonheterosexual people have seen …

Sex hormones act throughout the entire brain of both males and females via both genomic
and nongenomic receptors. Sex hormones can act through many cellular and molecular …

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a
worldwide prevalence of about 1%, characterized by impairments in social interaction …

The prevalence, age of onset, and symptomatology of many neuropsychiatric conditions
differ between males and females. To understand the causes and consequences of sex …

Men and women exhibit differences in the development and progression of Alzheimer's
disease (AD). The factors underlying the sex differences in AD are not well understood. This …

This article is part of a Special Issue “SBN 2014”. Women are more vulnerable to stress-and
fear-based disorders, such as anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Despite the …

Compelling evidence exists for pervasive sex differences in pathological conditions,
including anxiety and depressive disorders, with females more than twice as likely to be …

Parkinson's disease (PD) displays a greater prevalence and earlier age at onset in men.
This review addresses the concept that sex differences in PD are determined, largely, by …

Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are much more common in males, a bias that may offer
clues to the etiology of this condition. Although the cause of this bias remains a mystery, we …

A general theory of mammalian sexual differentiation is proposed. All biological sex
differences are the result of the inequality in effects of the sex chromosomes, which are the …