The genetically encoded fluorescent sensors convert chemical and physical signals into
light. They are powerful tools for the visualisation of physiological processes in living cells …

Experimental efforts to understand how the brain represents, stores and processes
information require high-fidelity recordings of multiple different forms of neural activity within …

Calcium imaging with protein-based indicators, is widely used to follow neural activity in
intact nervous systems, but current protein sensors report neural activity at timescales much …

Over the past 20 years, protein engineering has been extensively used to improve and
modify the fundamental properties of fluorescent proteins (FPs) with the goal of adapting …

The ATP-dependent proton pump V-ATPase ensures low intralysosomal pH, which is
essential for lysosomal hydrolase activity. Based on studies with the V-ATPase inhibitor …

Astrocyte Ca2+ signalling has been proposed to link neuronal information in different spatial–
temporal dimensions to achieve a higher level of brain integration. However, some …

Astrocytes are abundant glial cells that tile the entire central nervous system and mediate
well-established functions for neurons, blood vessels, and other glia. These ubiquitous cells …

Calcium imaging with protein-based indicators is widely used to follow neural activity in
intact nervous systems. The popular GCaMP indicators are based on the calcium-binding …

Fluorescent Ca2+ reporters are widely used as readouts of neuronal activities. Here we
designed R-CaMP2, a high-affinity red genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) with a …

Simultaneously measuring the activities of all neurons in a mammalian brain at millisecond
resolution is a challenge beyond the limits of existing techniques in neuroscience. Entirely …