In the past, transportation of heavy and bitumen to downstream refineries has been
accomplished by either adding a diluent or converting the vacuum residue to produce a …

For four decades, Petroleum Refining has guided thousands of readers toward a reliable
understanding of the field, and through the years has become the standard text in many …

Heavy crude oils and bitumen represent more than 50% of all hydrocarbons available on the
planet. These feedstocks have a low amount of distillable material and high level of …

The LUKOIL Neftohim Burgas vacuum residue hydrocracking has increased the vacuum
residue conversion from 55 to 93% as a result of a proper feed selection, optimal catalyst …

Unconventional oil, irrespective of whether it is a bio-oil, coal oil, petroleum oil, or waste oil,
is an oil that is too viscous to effectively transport in its native state. Processing of …

The development of inexpensive carbon fiber precursors is necessary to meet the future
demands of carbon fibers. This work shows how asphaltenes, which are obtained as a by …

Solvent deasphalting and visbreaking are two important technologies in the development of
processes for partial upgrading of oilsands-derived bitumen to improve oil fluidity for …

The world continues experiencing a steady decrease in the availability of conventional light
or even medium crude oils, and hence, refineries inevitably face the challenge of processing …

Following prior evidence that water and mineral solids influenced the physicochemical
properties of the products derived from the visbreaking of bitumen froth at 400° C, the …

In direct coal liquefaction, in addition to stabilizing coal radicals, the ability of solvent-derived
cyclohexadienyl radicals to hydrolyze bridge bonds in coal is a part of their hydrogen …