This review addresses open questions about the role of β-adrenergic receptors in cardiac
function and failure. Cardiomyocytes express all three β-adrenergic receptor subtypes—β1 …

Ethnicity is an important demographic variable contributing to interindividual variability in
drug metabolism and response. In this rapidly expanding research area many genetic …

The recommendations listed in this document are, whenever possible, evidence based. An
extensive evidence review was conducted as the document was compiled through …

At present, nine adrenoceptor (AR) subtypes have been identified: α1A-, α1B-, α1D-, α2A-,
α2B-, α2C-, β1-, β2-, and β3AR. In the human heart, β1-and β2AR are the most powerful …

Polymorphisms in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene have been associated
inconsistently with cardiovascular diseases. A maldistribution of eNOS variants among …

Abstract Background: The Glycine389 variant of the beta‐1 adrenergic receptor (β1AR)
generates markedly less cAMP when stimulated in vitro than the more prevalent …

The human genome encodes nine different adrenoceptor genes. These are grouped into
three families, namely, the α 1-, α 2-, and β-adrenoceptors, with three family members each …

Objectives Our objectives were to determine whether the Gly389 polymorphism of the β1‐
adrenergic receptor exhibits reduced responsiveness in vivo and to test the hypothesis that …

β-1 and β-2 adrenoceptors (AR) play a pivotal role in regulation of the activity of the
sympathetic nervous system and agonists and antagonists at both β AR subtypes are …

Throughout much of the world,'race'and'ethnicity'are key determinants of health. For
example, African Americans have, by some estimates, a twofold higher incidence of fatal …