The generation of variation is paramount for the action of natural selection. Although
biologists are now moving beyond the idea that random mutation provides the sole source of …

Highlights•We provide a conceptual framework to examine correlated behavioural
plasticities.•We summarize conditions likely to give rise to them and highlight testable …

Understanding constraints to phenotypic plasticity is key given its role on the response of
organisms to environmental change. It has been suggested that phenotypic integration, the …

Many morphological, behavioral, physiological, and life-history traits covary across the
biological scales of individuals, populations, and species. However, the processes that …

Background Developmental plasticity is thought to have profound macro-evolutionary
effects, for example, by increasing the probability of establishment in new environments and …

Anthropogenic habitat alterations have the potential to affect both, ecological dynamics of
communities and populations, as well as evolutionary processes within populations …

When organisms are faced with new or changing environments, a central challenge is the
coordination of adaptive shifts in many different phenotypic traits. Relationships among traits …

Invasive species are increasingly replacing native species, especially in anthropogenically
transformed or polluted habitats. This opens the possibility to use invasive species as …

How underlying mechanisms bias evolution toward predictable outcomes remains an area
of active debate. In this study, we leveraged phenotypic plasticity and parallel adaptation …

Predators have been widely demonstrated to influence developmental plasticity in aquatic
prey. We investigated the body size of the amphipod Hyalella azteca raised with predatory …