This paper surveys the energy-efficient routing protocols in wireless sensor networks
(WSNs). It provides a classification and comparison following a new proposed taxonomy …

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are among the most emerging technologies, thanks to
their great capabilities and their ever growing range of applications. However, the lifetime of …

The sensor network facilitates easy monitoring in hazardous environments like forests war
fields, etc. The wireless sensor network comprises several sensor nodes (SN) to observe …

The sensor network domains such as industry, defense, research Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN) is widely used nowadays. The sensor networks are randomly deployed in the …

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a modern technology in radio communication. A WSN
comprises a number of sensors that are randomly spread in a specific area for sensing and …

Background: Wireless sensor networks are application-based networks designed by large
number of sensor nodes. Utilizing the energy in efficient way is the one of the main design …

In traditional wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the power supply is a limiting factor on the
lifetime of sensor nodes. Recently, energy harvesting technology has made it possible to …

We present the state-of-the-art related to self-organizing and self-healing techniques. On the
one hand, self-organization is the nodes' ability to construct a network topology without any …

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of a base station (BS) and
multiple micro-sensor nodes. The micro-sensor nodes run on batteries that are not …

In Wireless Sensor Network, the energy efficiency is the key issue for designing the protocol
because sensor nodes have one time battery backup. There are many modern protocols …